Clean energy technology spans renewable power, storage, electric vehicles, heat pumps, electrolysers and the manufacturing systems behind them. The statistics below distinguish observed results from estimates and forecasts, and separate capacity, generation, investment, manufacturing and measured value.
Key Clean Energy Technology Statistics
The most useful clean energy technology statistics include:
- 4,448 GW of global renewable power capacity stood at the end of 2024, according to IRENA’s worldwide capacity measure.
- Renewable power capacity grew by 585 GW, or 15.1%, worldwide in 2024, on IRENA’s net-additions measure.
- Solar capacity increased by 452 GW worldwide in 2024, a 32.2% year-over-year increase.
- Solar and wind supplied 13.2% of global electricity generation in 2023, based on IRENA’s generation series.
- Renewable electricity generation grew 5.6% worldwide in 2023, compared with 1.2% growth for non-renewable generation.
- Wind generated 2,304 TWh globally in 2023, up 9.8% from 2022.
- Solar generated 1,624 TWh globally in 2023, up 25.2% year over year.
- The market value of six mass-manufactured clean technologies exceeded USD 700 billion worldwide in 2023, nearly four times its 2015 level.
- Clean-technology manufacturing investment reached USD 235 billion globally in 2023, after rising 50%.
- Battery production exceeded 800 GWh worldwide in 2023, up 45% from 2022.
- Installed battery-cell manufacturing capacity reached around 2.5 TWh globally in 2023, almost three times report-defined current demand.
- Advanced-stage wind, solar PV and hydropower projects awaiting grid connection totaled 1,650 GW worldwide by July 2024, up from about 1,500 GW in 2023.
- Global annual renewable additions are forecast to approach 935 GW in 2030, up from 666 GW in 2024 in the IEA main case.
- Solar PV and wind are forecast to provide 95% of global renewable additions through 2030, under the IEA main case.
- U.S. utility-scale PV installed cost was USD 1.43/WAC in 2023, down 8% from 2022 for the Berkeley Lab sample.
- New 2023 U.S. utility-scale PV had estimated levelized energy costs of USD 46/MWh before federal incentives and USD 31/MWh after incentives.
- U.S. utility-scale solar produced an estimated USD 13.7 billion in net benefits in 2023, combining wholesale, public-health and climate-damage effects.
Contents
- Global renewable capacity and 2024 additions
- Renewable electricity generation data and regional shares
- Clean energy technology investment and market outcomes
- Manufacturing capacity, production and concentration
- Adoption, grid queues and deployment forecasts
- Costs, performance and measured benefits
Global Renewable Capacity and Clean Energy Technology Additions
IRENA reported 4,448 GW of renewable power capacity worldwide at the end of 2024, equal to 46.4% of total global power capacity. That is a capacity share, not a share of electricity generation, and the headline total excludes pure pumped-storage hydropower. (Renewable Capacity Highlights 2025)
| Technology or region | 2024 change or addition | Measurement context |
|---|---|---|
| All renewables | 585 GW; 15.1% | Global net capacity addition |
| Solar | 452 GW; 32.2% | Global capacity increase |
| Wind | 113 GW; 11.1% | Global onshore and offshore capacity increase |
| Hydropower | 15.0 GW; 1.2% | Excludes pure pumped storage |
| Bioenergy | 4.6 GW; 3.2% | Global installed capacity addition |
| Geothermal | 0.4 GW; 2.5% | Global installed capacity addition |
Solar and wind together represented 96.6% of net renewable capacity additions worldwide in 2024. Asia added 421.5 GW during the year and held 2,382 GW, or 53.6% of global renewable capacity, at year end. (Renewable Capacity Highlights 2025)
A separate IEA estimate placed global renewable capacity additions at around 700 GW in 2024, up 25% year over year, with solar PV accounting for more than three-quarters of additions. The difference from IRENA’s 585 GW reflects differing scope, definitions and timing, so the figures should not be treated as interchangeable. (Global Energy Review 2025 – Electricity)
Renewable Electricity Generation Data and Regional Trends
Renewable electricity grew faster than non-renewable electricity over the long period covered by IRENA. From 2012 through 2023, renewable generation had a 5.9% compound annual growth rate, compared with 1.3% for non-renewable generation; in 2023 alone, the rates were 5.6% and 1.2%, respectively. (Renewable energy highlights, July 2025)
| Renewable source | 2023 global generation | Change from 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Hydropower | 4,270 TWh | Down 72 TWh; down 1.6% |
| Wind | 2,304 TWh | Up 9.8% |
| Solar | 1,624 TWh | Up 25.2% |
| Bioenergy | 632 TWh | Up 1.4% |
Solar and wind supplied 13.2% of the global electricity mix in 2023. Their combined share of renewable generation rose from 1.1% in 2000 to 44.0% in 2023, while hydropower remained the largest listed source at 4,270 TWh; IRENA’s hydropower series excludes pumped storage. (Renewable energy highlights, July 2025)
The IEA estimated that worldwide wind generation increased by about 180 TWh in 2024. This is a rounded estimate, not an independently calculated result from the IRENA 2023 series. (Global Energy Review 2025 – Electricity)
Clean Energy Technology Investment, Markets and Economic Outcomes
The market value of six mass-manufactured clean technologies—solar PV, wind, electric vehicles, batteries, electrolysers and heat pumps—exceeded USD 700 billion worldwide in 2023, nearly four times its 2015 level. Under today’s policy settings, the IEA projected that this market could exceed USD 2 trillion by 2035; that is a forecast, not a guaranteed outcome. (Energy Technology Perspectives 2024)
Clean-technology manufacturing investment reached an estimated USD 235 billion globally in 2023 after rising 50%. Solar PV and battery manufacturing received four-fifths of that investment, while clean-technology trade was worth about USD 200 billion, nearly 30% of the covered technologies’ global market value. (Energy Technology Perspectives 2024)
The 2024 investment outlook adds several forward-looking measures:
- Power-sector investment in solar PV was projected to exceed USD 500 billion worldwide in 2024.
- The clean-power-to-unabated-fossil-power investment ratio was projected at 10:1 in 2024, compared with roughly 2:1 in 2015.
- Grid investment was expected to reach USD 400 billion worldwide in 2024, after hovering around USD 300 billion annually since 2015.
- Advanced economies and China accounted for 80% of global grid spending in the 2024 outlook.
- Battery-storage investment was expected to exceed USD 50 billion worldwide in 2024.
These 2024 values are outlook estimates or projections, so they describe expected expenditure rather than realized spending. (World Energy Investment 2024 – Overview and key findings)
Clean Energy Technology Manufacturing Capacity and Concentration
A separate IEA manufacturing series estimated clean-technology manufacturing investment at around USD 200 billion worldwide in 2023, more than 70% above 2022. Its scope differs from the broader USD 235 billion ETP series, so these values should not be combined. (Advancing Clean Technology Manufacturing)
| Manufacturing measure | 2023 finding | Scope or definition |
|---|---|---|
| Solar PV manufacturing investment | Around USD 80 billion | More than doubled from 2022 |
| Battery manufacturing investment | USD 110 billion | Grew about 60% from 2022 |
| Battery production | More than 800 GWh | Up 45% from 2022 |
| New battery-cell capacity | Nearly 780 GWh | About one-quarter more than in 2022 |
| Installed battery-cell capacity | Around 2.5 TWh | Almost three times report-defined current demand |
China accounted for three-quarters of global clean-technology manufacturing investment in 2023, down from 85% in 2022. China, the United States and the European Union together held about 80%–90% of manufacturing capacity across solar PV, wind, batteries, electrolysers and heat pumps. (Advancing Clean Technology Manufacturing)
China held more than 80% of global solar-PV module manufacturing capacity and 95% of wafer capacity. Solar-cell and module factories operated at around 50% average utilization globally at the time of the report, an estimate of operating utilization rather than nameplate capacity. (Advancing Clean Technology Manufacturing)
Clean Energy Technology Adoption, Grid Queues and Forecasts
Grid access is a major deployment constraint. Advanced-stage wind, solar PV and hydropower projects awaiting connection totaled 1,650 GW worldwide by July 2024, up from about 1,500 GW in 2023, even though the total number of renewable projects waiting for connection fell 3% from 2023 to 2024. (Renewables 2024 – Electricity)
Solar PV represented over 60% of advanced-stage queued renewable capacity in July 2024, wind represented over 35%, and hydropower just over 1%. These rounded shares refer only to advanced-stage queued capacity, not all proposed projects. (Renewables 2024 – Electricity)
| Forecast measure | 2024 | 2030 or forecast period |
|---|---|---|
| Annual global renewable additions | 666 GW | Almost 935 GW in 2030 |
| Cumulative renewable-capacity increase | — | More than 5,520 GW during 2024–2030 |
| Cumulative renewable capacity | — | Almost 9,760 GW in 2030 |
| India annual renewable additions | 15 GW in 2023 | 62 GW in 2030 |
The IEA main case forecasts that solar PV and wind will provide 95% of renewable additions through 2030. It also projects more than 5,520 GW of capacity growth during 2024–2030, 2.6 times deployment during 2017–2023, and almost 9,760 GW of cumulative renewable capacity in 2030, or 2.7 times 2022 capacity.
These are policy-and-market forecasts, not observed outcomes. (Renewables 2024 – Electricity)
Clean Energy Technology Costs, Performance and Measured Benefits
Berkeley Lab’s U.S. utility-scale PV evidence covers ground-mounted plants above 5 MWAC, excluding smaller plants and residential rooftop systems. In 2023, additions reached 18.5 GWAC and cumulative capacity exceeded 80.2 GWAC across 47 states. (Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States)
Capacity-weighted installed cost fell 8% in 2023 to USD 1.43/WAC, or USD 1.08/WDC, based on a 7.1 GWAC sample of 76 plants completed that year. The empirical series shows a 75% decline from 2010 to 2023, averaging about 10% annually. (Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States)
| U.S. utility-scale PV measure | Result | Period or scope |
|---|---|---|
| Plant-level capacity-factor range | 6%–36%; median 24% | 2023 sample |
| Levelized cost before incentives | USD 46/MWh | New 2023 projects |
| Levelized cost after incentives | USD 31/MWh | New 2023 projects |
| Newly signed longer-term solar PPA average | USD 35/MWh | 2023 dollars, 2023 contracts |
| Average energy and capacity value | USD 45/MWh | 2023; USD 27/MWh CAISO to USD 67/MWh ERCOT |
| Market value above generation cost | USD 15/MWh | Projects built in 2022, measured in 2023 |
The after-incentive levelized cost depends on federal tax-credit treatment, and PPA averages cover newly signed longer-term contracts rather than every agreement. Market value also varies by wholesale market and generation profile. (Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States)
Berkeley Lab estimated USD 13.7 billion in 2023 net benefits from U.S. utility-scale solar when wholesale, public-health and climate-damage effects were combined. In the newly built PV-plus-battery cost sample, average storage duration increased from 2.9 hours in 2022 to 3.2 hours in 2023. (Utility-Scale Solar, 2024 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States)